Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure.
Blood pressure could be a measurement of the force against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood through your body.
Blood pressure readings are typically given as 2 numbers -- as an example, one hundred twenty over eighty (written as 120/80 mmHg). One or each of those numbers may be too high.
The top variety is termed the systolic blood pressure, and also the bottom variety is termed the diastolic blood pressure.
Normal blood pressure is when your blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg most of the time.
High blood pressure (hypertension) is when your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or higher than most of the time.
If your blood pressure numbers are 120/80 or higher, however below 140/90, it's known as pre-hypertension.
If you've got pre-hypertension, you're a lot of possible to develop high blood pressure.
If you've got heart or kidney issues, or if you had a stroke, your doctor might want your blood pressure to be even less than that of individuals who don't have these conditions.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Many factors will have an effect on blood pressure, including:
How much water and salt you've got in your body
The condition of your kidneys, nervous system, or blood vessels
The levels of various body hormones
You are a lot of possible to be told your blood pressure is just too high as you develop. this is often as a result of your blood vessels become stiffer as you age. When that happens, your blood pressure goes up. High blood pressure will increase your probability of getting a stroke, heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, and early death.
You have a better risk of high blood pressure if you:
Are African yankee
Are obese
Are usually stressed or anxious
Drink an excessive amount of alcohol (more than one drink per day for ladies and over 2 drinks per day for men)
Eat an excessive amount of salt in your diet
Have a family history of high blood pressure
Have diabetes
Smoke
Most of the time, no reason for high blood pressure is found. this is often known as essential hypertension.
High blood pressure that's caused by another medical condition or medication is termed secondary hypertension. Secondary hypertension could also be due to:
Chronic kidney disease
Disorders of the adrenal gland (pheochromocytoma or Cushing syndrome)
Pregnancy (see: preeclampsia)
Medications like contraception pills, diet pills, some cold medications, and migraine medications
Narrowed artery that provides blood to the kidney (renal artery stenosis)
Hyperparathyroidism
Symptoms
Most of the time, there aren't any symptoms. for many patients, high blood pressure is found once they visit their health care supplier or have it checked elsewhere.
Because there aren't any symptoms, individuals will develop heart disease and kidney issues while not knowing they need high blood pressure.
If you've got a severe headache, nausea or vomiting, dangerous headache, confusion, changes in your vision, or nosebleeds you will have a severe and dangerous type of high blood pressure known as malignant hypertension.
Signs and tests
Your health care supplier can check your blood pressure many times before diagnosing you with high blood pressure. it's traditional for your blood pressure to differ counting on the time of day.
Blood pressure readings taken at home could also be a far better live of your current blood pressure than those taken
Blood pressure readings taken at home could also be a far better live of your current blood pressure than those taken at your doctor's workplace. confirm you get an honest quality, well-fitting home device. It ought to have the right sized cuff and a digital readout.
Practice along with your health care supplier or nurse to form positive you're taking your blood pressure properly. See also: Blood pressure monitors for home
Your doctor can perform a physical exam to seem for signs of heart disease, harm to the eyes, and alternative changes in your body.
Tests could also be done to seem for:
High cholesterol levels
Heart disease, like an echocardiogram or electrocardiogram
Kidney disease, like a basic metabolic panel and urinalysis or ultrasound of the kidneys
Treatment
The goal of treatment is to scale back blood pressure so you've got a lower risk of complications. You and your health care supplier ought to set a blood pressure goal for you.
If you've got pre-hypertension, your health care supplier can suggest lifestyle changes to bring your blood pressure right down to a traditional vary. Medicines are rarely used for pre-hypertension.
You can do several things to assist management your blood pressure, including:
Eat a heart-healthy diet, as well as potassium and fiber, and drink many water. See: High blood pressure and diet
Exercise frequently -- a minimum of half-hour of aerobic exercise every day.
If you smoke, quit -- realize a program which will assist you stop.
Limit what proportion alcohol you drink -- one drink every day for ladies, 2 every day for men.
Limit the quantity of sodium (salt) you eat -- aim for fewer than one,500 mg per day.
Reduce stress -- try and avoid things that cause you stress. you'll conjointly strive meditation or yoga.
Stay at a healthy body weight -- realize a weight-loss program to assist you, if you wish it.
Your health care supplier will assist you realize programs for losing weight, stopping smoking, and exercising. you'll conjointly get a referral from your doctor to a dietitian, who will assist you set up a diet that's healthy for you.
There are many various medicines that may be used to treat high blood pressure. See: High blood pressure medicines
Often, one blood pressure drug might not be enough to manage your blood pressure, and you will got to take 2 or a lot of medication. it's important that you simply take the medications prescribed to you. If you've got facet effects, your health care supplier will substitute a unique medication.
Expectations (prognosis)
Most of the time, high blood pressure may be controlled with drugs and lifestyle changes.
Complications
When blood pressure isn't well controlled, you're in danger for:
Bleeding from the aorta, the massive blood vessel that provides blood to the abdomen, pelvis, and legs
Chronic kidney disease
Heart attack and heart failure
Poor blood offer to the legs
Stroke
Problems along with your vision
Calling your health care supplier
If you've got high blood pressure, you may have regular appointments along with your doctor.
Even if you've got not been diagnosed with high blood pressure, it's vital to possess your blood pressure checked throughout your yearly check-up, particularly if somebody in your family has or had high blood pressure.
Call your health care supplier promptly if home monitoring shows that your blood pressure continues to be high.
Prevention
Adults over eighteen ought to have their blood pressure checked frequently.
Lifestyle changes might facilitate management your blood pressure.
Follow your health care provider's recommendations to switch, treat, or management doable causes of high blood pressure.
What works?
Hypertension: will losing weight scale back high blood pressure?Hypertension: will losing weight scale back high blood pressure?
Losing weight by dieting (with or while not exercise) or by using the drug orlistat will lower high blood pressure within the short term. it's not clear whether or not weight loss alone will shield against long-term damage from hypertension.
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Drugs of interest
Potassium Potassium is crucial for the right functioning of the center, kidneys, muscles, nerves, and digestive system. typically the food you eat provides all of the potassium you wish. However, bound diseases (e.g., kidney disease and gastrointestinal disease with vomiting and diarrhea) and medicines, particularly diuretics ('water pills'), take away potassium from the body. Potassium supplements are taken to interchange potassium losses and stop potassium deficiency. This medication is typically prescribed for alternative uses; raise your doctor or pharmacist for a lot of data.
Bosentan
Tadalafil Tadalafil (Cialis) is employed to treat erectile dysfunction (impotence; inability to urge or keep an erection) in men. Tadalafil (Adcirca) is employed to enhance the power to exercise in individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; high blood pressure within the vessels carrying blood to the lungs, inflicting shortness of breath, dizziness, and tiredness). Tadalafil is during a category of medicines known as phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. It works to treat erectile dysfunction by increasing blood flow to the penis throughout sexual stimulation. This increased blood flow will cause an erection. Tadalafil treats PAH by relaxing the blood vessels within the lungs to permit blood to flow simply. If you're taking tadalafil to treat erectile dysfunction, you must grasp that it doesn't cure erectile dysfunction or increase sexual want. Tadalafil doesn't stop pregnancy or the unfold of sexually transmitted diseases like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Latanoprost Latanoprost could be a topical eye medication used to scale back pressure within the attention. it's used to treat eye conditions, as well as glaucoma and ocular hypertension, within which increased pressure will result in a gradual loss of vision. This medication is typically prescribed for alternative uses; raise your doctor or pharmacist for a lot of data.
Insulin Injection
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Glomerulonephritis
Renal vein thrombosis
Acute kidney failure
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Polyarteritis nodosa
Radiation enteritis
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Wilms tumor
Hypertensive heart disease
Heart attack
Heart failure
Hardening of the arteries
Aortic dissection
Injury - kidney and ureter
Stroke
Blindness and vision loss
Ventricular assist device
Obesity
High Blood Pressure
MedlinePlus.gov links to free, reliable, up-to-date health data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and alternative trusted health organizations.
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